Unit I: Solid State

• Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic covalent, and metallic solids
• Amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea)
• Unit cell in two-dimensional and three-dimensional lattices
• Calculation of density of unit cell, packing in solids, packing efficiency, voids
• Number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell
• Point defects, electrical and magnetic properties
• Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors, and insulators
• n and p-type semiconductors

Unit II: Solutions

• Types of solutions
• Expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids
• Solubility of gases in liquids
• Solid solutions
• Colligative properties: relative lowering of vapour pressure,
• Raoult’s law,
• elevation of boiling point,
• depression of freezing point,
• osmotic pressure
• Determination of molecular masses using colligative properties
• Abnormal molecular mass,
• Van’t Hoff factor

Unit III: Electrochemistry

• Redox reactions
• Conductance in electrolytic solutions,
• Specific and molar conductivity variations of conductivity with concentration,
• Kohlrausch’s Law
• Electrolysis and laws of electrolysis (elementary idea)
• Dry cell
• electrolytic cells
• and Galvanic cells
• Lead accumulator
• EMF of a cell
• standard electrode potential
• Nernst equation
• Nernst equation application to chemical cells
• Relation between Gibbs energy change and EMF of a cell
• Fuel cells, corrosion

Unit IV: Chemical Kinetics

• Rate of a reaction (average and instantaneous)
• Factors affecting rates of reaction: concentration, temperature, catalyst
• Order and molecularity of a reaction
• Rate law
• specific rate constant
• Integrated rate equations and half-life (only for zero and first-order reactions)
• Concept of collision theory (elementary idea, no mathematical treatment)
• Activation energy
• Arrhenius equation

Unit V: Surface Chemistry

• Adsorption: physisorption and chemisorption
• Factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids
• Catalysis: homogeneous and heterogeneous
• Activity and selectivity: enzyme catalysis
• Colloidal state: distinction between true solutions, colloids, and suspensions
• Lyophilic, lyophobic, multimolecular, and macromolecular colloids
• Properties of colloids: Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation
• Emulsions: types of emulsions

Unit VI: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements

• Principles and methods of extraction
• Concentration, oxidation, reduction, electrolytic method, refining
• Occurrence and principles of extraction of aluminum, copper, zinc, and iron

Unit VII: p-Block Elements

• Group 15 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence, oxidation states
• Trends in physical and chemical properties
• Nitrogen: preparation, properties, and uses
• Compounds of nitrogen: preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid, oxides of nitrogen (structure only)
• Phosphorus: allotropic forms
• Compounds of phosphorus: preparation and properties of phosphine, halides (PCl3, PCl5), and oxoacids (elementary idea only)
• Group 16 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence
• Trends in physical and chemical properties
• Dioxygen: preparation, properties, and uses
• Classification of oxides, ozone
• Sulfur: allotropic forms
• Compounds of sulfur: preparation, properties, and uses of sulfur dioxide, sulfuric acid, oxoacids of sulfur (structures only)
• Group 17 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence
• Trends in physical and chemical properties
• Compounds of halogens: preparation, properties, and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid, interhalogen compounds, oxoacids of halogens (structures only)
• Group 18 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, occurrence
• Trends in physical and chemical properties, uses

Unit VIII: d and f Block Elements

• General introduction, electronic configuration
• Occurrence and characteristics of transition metals
• General trends in properties of the first-row transition metals
• Metallic character
• ionization enthalpy, oxidation states
• ionic radii
• colour
• catalytic property, magnetic properties, interstitial compounds
• alloy formation
• Preparation and properties of K2Cr2O7 and KMnO4
• Lanthanoids: electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity, lanthanoid contraction and its consequences
• Actinoids: electronic configuration, oxidation states, comparison with lanthanoids

Unit IX: Coordination Compounds

• Introduction to coordination compounds
• Ligands, coordination number
• colour, magnetic properties, shapes
• IUPAC nomenclature of mononuclear coordination compounds
• Bonding theories: Werner’s theory, VBT, CFT
• Isomerism (structural and stereo)
• Importance of coordination compounds in qualitative analysis, extraction of metals, and biological systems

Unit X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes

• Haloalkanes: Nomenclature, nature of C-X bond
• physical and chemical properties
• Mechanism of substitution reactions, optical rotation
• Haloarenes:
• Nature of C-X bond
• Substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen for monosubstituted compounds only)
• Uses and environmental effects of specific compounds

Unit XI: Alcohols, Phenols, and Ethers

• Alcohols
• Nomenclature
• methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties (of primary alcohols only)
• Identification of primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols
• Mechanism of dehydration, uses
• Phenols
• Nomenclature
• methods of preparation
• physical properties
• chemical properties
• Acidic nature of phenol, electrophilic substitution reactions, uses
• Ethers
• Nomenclature
• methods of preparation
• physical and chemical properties
• uses

Unit XII: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids

• Aldehydes and Ketones:
• Nomenclature, nature of carbonyl group, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties
• Mechanism of nucleophilic addition, reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses
• Carboxylic Acids:
• Nomenclature, acidic nature, methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties
• Uses

Unit XIII: Organic Compounds Containing Nitrogen

• Amines: Nomenclature
• classification, structure
• methods of preparation, physical and chemical properties, uses
• Cyanides and Isocyanides: mentioned at relevant places in context
• Diazonium salts:
• Preparation, chemical reactions
• importance in synthetic organic chemistry

Unit XIV: Biomolecules

• Carbohydrates: Classification (aldoses and ketoses), monosaccharides (glucose and fructose)
• D-L configuration, oligosaccharides (sucrose, lactose, maltose), polysaccharides (starch, cellulose, glycogen), importance
• Proteins: Elementary idea of α-amino acids
• peptide bond, polypeptides
• proteins, primary structure, secondary structure, tertiary structure, quaternary structure (qualitative idea only)
• denaturation of proteins
• enzymes
• Hormones: Elementary idea (excluding structure)
• Vitamins: Classification and functions
• Nucleic Acids: DNA and RNA

Unit XV: Polymers

• Classification: Natural and synthetic
• Methods of polymerization (addition and condensation)
• copolymerization
• Some important polymers: polythene, nylon, polyesters, bakelite
• rubber
• Biodegradable
• Non-biodegradable polymers

Unit XVI: Chemistry in Everyday Life

• Chemicals in medicines: analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines
• Chemicals in food: preservatives, artificial sweetening agents, elementary idea of antioxidants
• Cleansing agents: soaps and detergents, cleansing action